VMS Spot-On modelling pigment No. 21 No. 21 in action! Pigments produce varying shades, vibrancy and coverage depending on technique and binders used. Showing you just the powder in a jar is not enough. For your convenience we made a presentation of the applied pigment so that you may better assess what to expect from it. IN THE JAR PIGMENT WASH PIGMENT WASH + DUSTING BACK

VMS Spot-On modelling pigment No. 13 & No. 14 No. 13 in action! (zero tex) Pigments produce varying shades, vibrancy and coverage depending on technique and binders used. Showing you just the powder in a jar is not enough. For your convenience we made a presentation of the applied pigment so that you may better assess what to expect from it. ZERO TEX IN JAR BASIC DUSTING NO BINDERS EVEN COVERAGE WITH WEATHERING LIQUID EVEN COVERAGE + DUSTING ON TOP WET EFFECT PIGMENT WASH POINT WET EFFECT PARTIAL WET EFFECT No. 14 in action! (textured) Below you can observe textured pigments used in standard scenarios - mud and earth accumulation. The advantage of textured pigments is ease of micro-structure formation. Particles are micronised and up to scale! COARSE TEX IN THE JAR COARSE TEX DRY COARSE TEX PARTIAL COARSE TEX WET BACK

Universal and safe masking fluid for scale models. Mask wheels, windows and others. Paint ends up only where it's supposed to! Liquid mask is a classic way of selective paint application. This special purpose liquid can be applied on both bare and painted plastics, the protective film it forms is very easily removed leaving the area nice and clean. WINDOW WAS MASKED PRIOR PAINTING PEELING THE MASK... PEELING THE MASK... FINAL RESULT Liquid Mask is an easy way to protect all kind of areas during spraying! Cover it up! Easily applied and fully safe for any base coat. The masking liquid dries quickly to an easily removed film and is helpful whenever masking tape gives in due to complex shapes or small details. See Liquid Mask in action! LIQUID MASK Classic product for protecting parts of your model while painting. Can be applied on both enamel and acrylic coat without causing damage. After painting simply peel the film off. IMPORTANT: The product is susceptible to low temperatures and mustn't be frozen! Store and handle in room temperature. Combine with: Aux product. Recommended techniques: Brush Available volumes: 30 ml dropper bottle Add to Cart Product FAQ How long does it take for the masking liquid to form the protective film? The liquid needs from 15 to 30 minutes to dry, this depends on a coat's thickness. When the initially creamy white coat turns translucent you are good to go. Can I apply the liquid over an acrylic or enamel paint job? Yes, the film formed is 100% safe to an underlying coat and can be removed with ease later on. How long can the mask stay on my model? The masking fluid should be removed within 48h after application. How to clean my brush after using the liquid? Clean the brush while the liquid is still wet with a cloth or paper towel and tap water. Any dried up residue can be removed mechanically, use your hobby knife to "comb" through the bristle and get rid of the remains. We advise using cheap nylon brushes, not expensive natural ones. What is the shelf life of the product? The shelf life minimum is 12 months, longer if stored in cool and dark place. Don't store in temperatures below 5 °C or in direct sunlight! In case of product in use we shelf life is shortened. To prolong shelf life we we recommend closing the bottle as soon as possible so that the solvent is not evaporating while the bottle is sitting opened on the work bench. BACK

VMS Spot-On modelling pigment No. 05 & No. 06 No. 05 in action! (zero tex) Pigments produce varying shades, vibrancy and coverage depending on technique and binders used. Showing you just the powder in a jar is not enough. For your convenience we made a presentation of the applied pigment so that you may better assess what to expect from it. ZERO TEX IN JAR BASIC DUSTING NO BINDERS EVEN COVERAGE WITH WEATHERING LIQUID EVEN COVERAGE + DUSTING ON TOP WET EFFECT PIGMENT WASH POINT WET EFFECT PARTIAL WET EFFECT No. 06 in action! (textured) Below you can observe textured pigments used in standard scenarios - mud and earth accumulation. The advantage of textured pigments is ease of micro-structure formation. Particles are micronised and up to scale! COARSE TEX IN THE JAR COARSE TEX DRY COARSE TEX PARTIAL COARSE TEX WET BACK

Vantage Modelling Solutions is your source of innovative modelling products. Simply put VMS equals Smarter Modelling! HOME Spot-on Pigments Pigment Binders Pigment Jockey Smart Thinners Cleaning Agents HD Diorama Cements Specials & Aux USERS' GALLERY VIDEOS STOCKISTS CONTACT FOR PARTNERS WHITE LABEL Loyalty Perks

Use this cost-effective airbrush cleaner concentrate to make your own airbrush cleaners! Cost-effective, low odour cleaning agents in big bottles! While creating our cleaning agents we took into account 4 factors: solvency power, comfort of use, formulation flexibility and cost-effectiveness. The result is cleaners that are more user friendly, save you money and cope with the paint as they should. Clean tools mean better end result and great modelling experience. Now you won't have to save cleaners as VMS products are designed for extensive work! More flexible and cost-effective Depending on your preferences you may go with ready-made cleaners or formulate your own using VMS concentrates. Concentrates not only save you money but allow to finely tune your cleaning products to your needs. Tired of soaking your airbrush for ages with watered down ready-made products? No problem, make a stronger cleaning agent yourself and get rid of that stubborn paint other cleaners fail to dissolve. An the other way round, why waste strong cleaning solution while just changing colours? Now You decide what's in the bottle! Concentrates are distinguished by the IFormulator icon in their description. Simply mix your concentrate with tap water (for acrylics) or white spirit (for enamels) to produce up to 1000 ml of cleaning liquid solution! Wide spectrum product! Green "Acryl" icon denotes a product suited to work with water-based acrylic paints while Blue "ENML" icon denotes a product suited to work with enamel (solvent based) paints. This product is compatible with acrylics by Vallejo®, Humbrol®, Tamiya®, Revell®, Model Master®, Italeri® Gunze® (only H series), Pactra® and with enamels by Humbrol®, Tamiya®, Revell®, Model Master® and equivalents. Not suited for solvent-based acrylics (Gunze® C series). Less harmful and still get the job done! Save more expensive airbrush thinner for painting. Clean your airbrush, brushes and other tools with just one wide-spectrum cleaner in a bottomless bottle. VMS Pro cleaners are low odour, next generation cleaning agents. We coupled high solvency power with medium evaporation rates which makes working with VMS cleaners much more comfortable as it takes much longer for Cleaners Pro to create a cloud of fumes in your workplace. Cleaners Pro don't contain acetone, MEK, toluene or similar industrial "heavies". Both you and your airbrush will feel the difference, less headache for you, less damage to washers inside your tool! Airbrush Cleaners Pro UNIVERSAL CONCENTRATE Concentrated version of VMS cleaning agent for acrylics and enamels. Just mix with tap water (for acrylics) or white spirit (enamels) to produce up to 1000 ml of cleaning solution using 200ml of concentrate. Save money and time, whenever you run out of cleaners you can simply mix a new batch instead of ordering more cleaners on-line. Work like a pro, easily prepare strong solution to quickly get rid of stubborn, old paint residue, formulate economical, light variant for regular work and use it while changing colours or when your job is done. Typical mixing ratios are provided for you on the label. Ultrasonic cleaner compatible. Recommended techniques: Cleaning product for airbrush and tools Combine with: All brands of water-based acrylic paints an enamels paints Available volumes: 200 ml bottle (up to 1000 ml cleaning product) Add to Cart See our concentrate in action! Product FAQ Can I clean my model with this cleaner? Not really, the cleaner is potent and it could damage plastic overtime. For paint stripping use dedicated paint stripper - VMS Clean Slate rmvr 2.0 which doesn't damage plastic even after prolonged contact. Should I rinse my airbrush and tools after cleaning? It is advised to rinse with water after cleaning is done to get rid of excessive cleaner, alternatively you may wipe wipe inside of airbrush cup and brushes with a cloth to soak up the remaining cleaner. The cleaner will evaporate overtime anyway. Do I need special equipment to formulate? Not really, simple glass measuring cups will do the trick, all you need to be able to do is mix the concentrated products in appropriate ratios. For instance to prepare some mild acrylic cleaners from VMS concentrates you will need to take 1 part of concentrate and 4 parts of water and mix it. You don't even need to know how much liquid (in milliliters) there is in a cup all that matters is the ratios. IMPORTANT: Parts are measured by volume not weight. For instance for 100 ml of 20% solution you will need to mix 20 ml of concentrate with 80 ml of water. These are chemicals, won't I get burned or start a fire? Our concentrates are based on non flammable chemicals which are not corrosive. They might however irritate your eyes or skin if you are not careful but this is the case with any cleaner or thinner out there. To be safe, simply avoid contact with skin and eyes while you are formulating your products. If you get some of the concentrate on your skin or in your eyes simply rinse it with plenty of water and that's that. Do I always need distilled water to formulate? Use distilled water only while formulating acrylic thinners so that the paint retains is quality. Tap water is fine for formulating acrylic cleaning products, using distilled water for cleaners is a waste. :) I don't know about all this formulation, what if do something wrong? You can't, products come with clear formulation guidelines, if you can read model plans (way more complicated) you can formulate. ;) Can I use this product in an ultrasonic cleaner? Absolutely you can! The cleaner is very potent in its own right and when coupled with an ultrasonic cleaner it will work wonders! Simply formulate cleaning solution using one of recommended ratios (1:4, 3:7 or 2:3) and pour it into the ultrasonic cleaner. With concentrate you will be able to fill even the biggest of ultrasonic cleaners! BACK

3D printed parts under control! This CA glue forms for 3D printed modelsflexible bond that withstands much more punishment than classic brittle CA. 3D printed models put together easily! No matter if you are building a full 3D printed resin model or just want to add some 3D printed details Flexy 5K 3D is your kind of glue! Forming a better duable bond with unparalleled adhesive force Flexy 5k will ensure a successful project! A sample 3D printed model prior assembly and completed using Flexy 3D. Flexible CA bond! Have you ever lost or have to re-glue some model parts during painting or weathering or maybe just by accident why manipulating your model? If so this glue is for you! Flexible bond created with Flexy 5k withstands much more punishment than classic brittle CA. 1.35x longer manipulation time Extended open time of our photo etch glue (135% the standard CA) allows for good positioning of 3D printed parts. You will also be able to glue tricky parts (both PS and metal) that produce tension. Dispensed glue is "live" for over 45 minutes! Not aggressive towards PS Flexy is less aggressive and more easily removed when necessary it doesn't "eat plastic" as classic CAs. therefore it is more easily removed when needed. Most of the time simple scrubbing followed by some sanding will do and debonders will do even better job! FLEXY 5K CA contact adhesive for 3D printed models Glue for PLA resin and 3D printed models. Thanks to its formulation this glue can be used for gluing demanding 3D printed parts that require a lot of manipulation and extra strong bond. The formula of VMS Flexy 5K 3d is optimised for thermoplastic, including PLA resin so you can also glue multimedia models no problem, resin to polystyrene bonds will be as durable resin to resin ones. As the original Flexy 5K glue forms flexible bond that withstands much more punishment than classic brittle CA. This essentially means less accidentally lost parts and more productive and enjoyable work as there is much less need to reglue vulnerable parts. Extended open time (135% the standard CA) allows for good positioning of the parts. You also will be able to glue tricky parts that produce tension. For best results prepare parts with VMS Universal weathering carrier prior application of the CA glue. Combine with: 3D printed parts Recommended techniques: Apply with wire Available volumes: 20 gr dropper bottle Add to Cart Flexy 5k PE FAQ What's the best technique for precise application of the glue? Dispense a portion of photo-etch glue on a piece of styrene, glass or a metal sheet, never on cardboard as it will absorb your glue. Have a 10 cm long piece of straight brass or steel wire ready, its Ø 0.5-1 mm. The wire will act as your renewable glue applicator. Dip the tip of a brass or steel wire in the blob and then touch it to a model part or the model itself. Bring the parts together. That's that! Now cut the tip of your applicator wire with your trusty modelling knife or better side cutters to start anew with a clean tip. Small parts can be held with tweezers and dipped in the blob without resorting to the wire. I have dispensed a portion of the glue as per instruction, how long till it becomes useless? A blob of glue is good about 45 minutes after it was dispensed. It gets thicker overtime. For best results and to conserve your glue dispense smaller blobs to always have a small amount of fresh glue at your disposal. I have misaligned a model part and want to reposition it! Slide the tip of your hobby knife between the parts to separate them. Once the parts come apart scrub the remaining glue in the same manner, try sliding the tip between the glue remains and the part from the side, the glue will give in. PS may need some sanding after the procedure. You can also use VMS debonder. There are problems with the joints I've created! Fingerprints and any other residue don't help your cementing! Make sure you degrease surfaces and sand crucial parts (for instance suspension) so there is proper contact between surfaces. Degreasing of 3D printed resin parts can be conducted with simple dish washing, VMS universal weathering carrier or acetone.. What's the shelf life of the glue? Old formula (oval bottle, round bottle without pin in cap): Opened bottle can last 12-16 months and more (if stored in the fridge, opaque box). Unopened bottle will be good for 16-24 months and more, provided it's stored in temperature below 10 °C or lower (fridge, opaque box). Glue can be refrigerated but can't be frozen. Shelf life very much depends on usage, that is how often you open and use the glue so the figures given will vary. Storage in temperatures higher than 15 °C and sunlight will decrease the shelf life. New formula (round bottle with pin in cap): Opened bottle can last 12-24 months and more (if stored in the fridge, opaque box). Unopened bottle will be good for 24-36 months and more, provided it's stored in temperature below 10 °C or lower (fridge, opaque box). Glue can be refrigerated but can't be frozen. Shelf life very much depends on usage, that is how often you open and use the glue so the figures given will vary. Storage in temperatures higher than 15 °C and sunlight will decrease the shelf life. My glue bottle contents seem low? Yes, that's no mistake, all bottles are filled at around 1/2 of their capacity. The amount of glue will last an average modeller a 1.5-2 years. After that time it's a advised to acquire a new bottle due to the glue ageing. Bottle contents is 20 gr. BACK

VMS Spot-On modelling pigment No. 18 No. 18 in action! Pigments produce varying shades, vibrancy and coverage depending on technique and binders used. Showing you just the powder in a jar is not enough. For your convenience we made a presentation of the applied pigment so that you may better assess what to expect from it. ZERO TEX IN JAR EVEN COVERAGE WITH WEATHERING LIQUID EVEN COVERAGE + DUSTING ON TOP DRYBRUSHED WITH ENML 2.0 BINDERS BACK

Fix pigments, mix own weathering liquids, create SFX! Fast drying pigment binders! Acrylic Binders: Mix high gloss, instant results weathering pastes and glazes! Acrylics are fast curing binders that yield instant results. They have the highest solids amount and sealing capability therefore are best used for all these tasks that involve creating extensive structures with high gloss, for instance heavy wet mud deposits. Recommended for experienced modellers because once dried acrylics are irreversible unless you do a total paint stripping. VMS acrylic binders come along with a novelty - Acrylic Disperser a special agent that aids while dispersing pigments within the binders allowing you to create factory grade weathering pastes and glazes in your home! MIX WEATHERING LIQUIDS APPROPRIATE FOR ALL KINDS OF WET EFFECTS MIX TEXTURED PASTES CREATE HIGH CONTRAST WET ACCENTS Typical Acrylic binders applications, you will easily find many more uses yourself! Please check out product FAQ for tips and guidelines. Instant results! Acrylics are the fastest of binders and have top sealing properties. Contrarily to ENML 2.0 and Alkyds acrylics allow for much faster work but lack the flexibility of other binders, their SFX capability is limited. Still you will greatly appreciate acrylic binders while creating high gloss wet effects and like fast-paced work. Irreversible! Please note that once dry acrylics based pigment jobs cannot be reversed, therefore we recommend first trying them out on a dummy model or a spare to get the hang of it. Top quality product! VMS acrylics are top of the line products with high solids amount (50%+), no water is added. Further more our acrylic resins contain foam suppressing agent that ensures that no nasty air bubbles are trapped in your acrylic pigment layers while they dry. When coupled with pigments mixed with VMS Acrylic Dipserser the resulting weathering paste or liquid quality is unparalleled. Acrylic Binders capability roundup! Acrylic binder "Wet FX" type is best for all kind of heavy, textured mud effects. It dries fast and gives pigments jobs glossy or matt finish, depending on your formulation. Apart from "on vehicle" presentations we also depicted binders capabilities the same way we present our pigments - on AFV wheels. Use this as a reference point to be able to better pair your spot-on pigment with particular binder type and achieve desired result. MIX PASTES AND HIGH OPACITY GLAZES WET EFFECTS ORIENTED BINDERS MIX TEXTURED PASTES CREATE HIGH CONTRAST WET ACCENTS CREATE LOW OPACITY GLAZES HIGH OPACITY GLAZE HIGH OPACITY GLAZE TEXTURED TEX PIGMENT HEAVY MUD WET 100% OPAQUE VMS Acrylic Binders Acrylic binders ensure quick high gloss effects. This binder type is best for all kind of heavy, textured mud effects. It dries fast and gives pigments jobs glossy or matt finish, depending on your formulation. Does not crack even if coats are very thick. Premium acrylic product - very high solids amount (>60%), not diluted. Combine with: Spot-on pigments, Acrylic disperser Finish: gloss to matt formulation dependent Open time: short Recommended techniques: weathering paste, high and low opacity glaze, point wet effects Reversibility: Not reversible, removable with Clean Slate rmvr 2.0 Available volumes: 30 ml dropper bottle Add to Cart Product FAQ How to produce even coverage effect? “Even coverage” is a starting point for many other techniques + it imitates fine dry mud very well on it's own. Give it a try to familiarise yourself with VMS binders and step up to more advanced techniques. Mix and apply weathering liquid with a brush as if painting, use hair dryer for quicker results. Once dry this layer can be dusted over for what we call maximised dusting or left alone. How do I create my own acrylic weathering liquid? (matt finish) The ratios are as follows: 2 parts zero tex. pigment, 1 part Acrylic Disperser, 1 part “finishing” acrylic resin. Mix your spot-on pigments or equivalent (low quality pigments produce bad weathering liquids which spread badly) with Acrylic Disperser first, make sure all clumps are gone. Then pour resin to the mix and that's that, your matt acrylic weathering liquid is ready. You can alter the standard ratios, for instance add more pigments for better coverage. How to create matt textured paste using acrylics? The ratios are as follows: 1-2 parts textured pigments, 1 part Acrylic Disperser, 1 part “Wet FX” acrylic resin. Mix your spot-on pigments or equivalent (low quality pigments produce bad weathering liquids which spread badly) with Acrylic Disperser first. Then pour resin to the mix and the paste is ready. Rule of thumb: Adding more pigments increases thickness and reduces gloss, adding more resin increases gloss and flow. You can experiment using your own ratios! How to create glossy textured paste using acrylics? The ratio is the opposite of the one for matt paste: 1 part textured pigments, 1 part Acrylic Disperser, 2-3 part “Wet FX” acrylic resin. Mix your spot-on pigments or equivalent (low quality pigments produce bad weathering liquids which spread badly) with Acrylic Disperser first. Then pour resin to the mix and the paste is ready. Rule of thumb: Adding more pigments increases thickness and reduces gloss, adding more resin increases gloss and flow. You can experiment using your own ratios! My pigment job turned out matt but the idea was wet finish! To increase gloss of an already applied matt finish pigment job simply apply a thin coat of raw “finishing” acrylic resin over it. I want to thicken my paste but I don't want to add more pigments so as to retain gloss. You can thicken the paste using VMS SMART MUD XL activator auxiliary. How to create point wet (wet accent) effects? Simply apply the “finishing” binder type with a precision brush wherever you need them. Apply thin coats, and spread the resin thin, to keep the original detail! What are low and high opacity wet glazes and how to create them? Wet glazes are glossy fluids with low to moderate pigment percentage. Contrarily to gloss paints glazes offer a certain amount of transparency so as to show underlying coats. This means more authentic and better looking results. To prepare a low opacity glaze with mix some pigments with Acrylic Disperser first. Then introduce a tiny amount of them (about 5%) to “finishing” acrylic resin and a glaze is ready, remember to apply thin coats! To create a high opacity glaze mix a bit more dispersed pigment (10-15% depending ho much opacity is your goal – more pigment equals higher coverage) with Acrylic binders “Wet FX” type and spread a thin layer over the target part. While making glazes always use minimal pigment amounts to retain gloss! If you overdose pigments and glazes turn matt you can always apply a thin coat of pure “finishing” binders over to increase gloss. What do you mean by maximising dusting results and how do I do that? Dusting is the basic way of working with pigments. You simply rub pigments with the brush wherever you want it to appear. It involves no binders. It often happens that you want the dusted pigments to have higher opacity and better coverage but their capabilities are limited as there are no binders involved. For instance you want to model a vehicle that has been rolling in the deserts. You dust some pigment over the wheels and hull but the base coat is still showing too much, the coverage is poor, raw pigment is not enough. To remedy that you can apply a layer of pigments using “even coverage” technique. Next do the dusting over this pigment coat - you will be amazed by how good and homogeneous the coverage is. Such pigment job will have maximum opacity and vibrancy. We refer to it as "even coverage + dusting on top" - check out the capability round-up. My weathering liquid is not deep matt when it dries, it's glistening here and there. This rarely happens but when it does simply add more pigments to the mix – the gloss will disappear. How much Disperser should I add to my formulations? Add just the amount to wet the entire pigment portion. Ratio of 1:1 is fine, you can even go lower with the disperser, just as long the pigments are wetted. Pigments shouldn't be overflowed with disperser! The pigment slurry you create with the Disperser can be then introduced to the resin, the amount you add depending on your goal. For instance glazes need just a bit of slurry to so that they retain transparency. Pastes can use more so as to have proper colour strength and covering capability. How will I know if the Acrylic Disperser pigment slurry is ready? The better you mix the pigments with the Disperser the better the final result. When the clumps are gone and the pigment has consistency of ready-made acrylic paint you are good to go and can add resin to the mix. With disperser it takes around 1 minute to prepare the pigments. What's the best way to clean my brushes after working with Acrylics? For regular clean up - between the jobs, regular tap water will suffice. Just have it ready in a spare jar, rinse the brushes and wipe clean using a paper towel or a cloth. For proper deep cleaning please use VMS Airbrush Cleaners Pro Acrylic type (label with green Acryl icon) which have maximum potency and will keep your brushes in top condition by freeing them of pigments and binders that accumulate at the base of the bristle. Brushes that are not deep cleaned regularly deteriorate faster overtime. BACK

No more peeling or scuffed paint! VMS Metal Prep 4K will give your paint that needed extra durability! Especially useful for acrylic paints! Metal Prep 4K: For better paint-to-metal adhesion! Model paints especially water-based types may have trouble adhering to metal parts. It's quite easy to scuff the surface and paint or primers peeling from large metal surfaces such as tank skirts is not uncommon. With VMS Metal Prep you will be doing your paint coat a favour - it will be much more durable if applied over parts primed with our metal primer! FOR SCHURZEN (SKIRTS) FOR METAL BOXES AND THE LIKE FOR ZIMMERIT SHEETS FOR METAL BARRLES APPLIED WITH BRUSH... ...IS INVISIBLE AFTER APPLICATION MetaL Prep 4K ensures that the paint applied over metal parts adheres much better and is not prone to scuffing or flaking off! See Metap Prep 4K in action! VMS Metal Prep 4K PRODUCT SUMMARY Add to Cart Metal Prep 4K is a primer for photo-etched and other metal parts boosting paint adhesion an mitigating problems such as paint peeling at vulnerable areas, paint scuffing or general poor adhesion of acrylic paints. Paint coats preceded by Metal Prep 4K gain much desired durability. Product is applied with a brush to form a translucent and thin film which won't affect a model's detail. IMPORTANT: Please degrease metal parts with VMS Styrene Cement Standard Type or VMS Universal weathering carrier prior application of the primer! IMPORTANT: The acrylic product is susceptible to low temperatures and mustn't be frozen! Store and handle in room temperature. Combine with: Photo-etched Recommended techniques: Brush or airbrush Available volumes: 30 ml dropper bottle Metal Prep 4K FAQ What's the best technique for precise application of the primer? Use flat or cat's tongue brushes apply thin coat and let it level on it's own. How effective is the primer? One model requires around 0.5-1 ml of primer depending on the PE amount, bottle holds 30 ml. You will be able to finish around 30-60 1/35 scale models before you run out of the primer. What agent to use to clean brushes? Please use cleaning products for acrylic paints such as VMS Cleaners Pro or an equivalent. How long do I need to wait before I can start painting my model? Primer dries in 15-30 minutes depending on ambient temperature. You can usually start painting in 20 minutes after application. Can I airbrush the primer? Yes, the primer can be airbrushed. Please ensure low ambient temperature and an even, wet layer of primer for good results. What is product shelf life? The product will last at least 2+ years is stored in a dry and cool place, away from direct sunlight. BACK